Dogs' Coats Differ Due To Only Three Genes

Recent research has proven that three distinct genes are responsible for the different types of coats on dogs. Thanks to this research, a method has now been devised to identify gene combinations that are helpful for studies of human diseases.

The fact that a mere three genes can make a dog's coat different from another dog is quite remarkable. It seems that when these three genes act in different combinations, they can cause one dog to have short hair whilst, in another combination, they can cause a different breed of dog to have curly hair.

The Research Study

Researchers from the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), which is part of the National Institutes of Health, released their findings in the online issue of the Journal Science.

The Scientific Director at NHGRI, Eric Green, M.D., Ph.D., says:

"This study is an elegant example of using genomic techniques to unravel the genetic basis of biological diversity. Genomics continues to gain new insights from the amazing morphological differences seen across the canine species, including many that give clues about human biology and disease."

Prior to this study being performed, very little information was known about how exactly a dog's genes affected the growth pattern, texture and length of their coats. One thousand dogs covering 80 different breeds were utilized in this study, in which the researchers conducted a genome-wide scan of specific indications of any variation in the DNA, which is called single-nucleotide polymorphisms.

The researchers then compared the descriptions of the dogs various coats with the collected data. It then became quite apparent that three very specific genetic variants existed which would explain all the different dog coats and hair types.

"What's important for human health is the way we found the genes involved in dog coats and figured out how they work together, rather than the genes themselves," said Elaine A. Ostrander, Ph.D., who is the chief of the Cancer Genetics Branch in NHGRI's Division of Intramural Research. "We think this approach will help pinpoint multiple genes involved in complex human conditions, such as cancer, heart disease, diabetes and obesity."

Selective Dog Breeding

Over the past few decades, dog breeders have started to breed specific dogs in order to acquire specific traits. The results of these breeding attempts have caused certain traits, such as hair, to become rather unique to that particular breed of dog.

It is very interesting to note, however, that the genetic changes in the dog genome, that helps to produce so many different varieties of hair types in dogs, was actually created by specific trait breeding over the previous 200 years rather than being assumed as a result of today's dog breeds having deviated from the wolf almost 15,000 years ago.

Dogs who have very short and straight hair, like the Beagle, actually exhibit the more original wolf-like versions of those three genes that were identified in the study.

Because today's dog has been selectively bred for so long, they have become part of a very distinctive population structure. Using this structure, the researchers were able to divide a rather complicated phenotype, the dogs' coat, into a variety of different genetic variations.

Dr. Ostrander said:

"When we put these genetic variants back together in different combinations, we found that we could create most of the coat varieties seen in what is among the most diverse species in the world, the dog. If we can decipher the genetic basis for a complex trait such as the dog's coat, we believe that we can do it as well with complex diseases."

The Three Genes

The different genes were the RSPO2, FGF5, and the KRT71. The first gene, RSPO2, helps to make a dogs' hair wiry as it grows in a unique pattern that allows for long details called furnishings. Irish and Scottish Terriers are great examples of dogs for whom the RSPO2 gene is more predominant.

Pomeranians and Cocker Spaniels have the FGF5 gene to thank for their long and silky hair.

Whilst the Irish water spaniel has more of the KRT71 gene which causes it to have a curly coat.

But dogs, such as the Portuguese water dog, who have long and curly coats with furnishings, have all three of these genes present in their DNA.

In addition to dogs, the long hair gene (FGF5) and the curly hair gene (KRT71) have also affected their hair type of cats and mice. Therefore, scientists, are speculating, these two genes might also have an effect on humans as well.

Although the third gene has been linked with the coarse hair type found in some people of East Asian ancestry, it has never before been found to influence the hair texture in mammals.

Photo Credit: La Sequencia

Japan's Pampered Pets

Not only is pet ownership on the rise in Japan, so too are the lengths at which the Japanese will go to too pamper their beloved pets.

In January 2007, Japan's Pet Food Manufacturers' Association, conducted a survey in which it was discovered that were 24.5 million dogs and cats in Japan in 2006. Ten years ago, in 1996, the pet population was only 17.9 million. This means that there has been a 37% or 6.6 million increase in the amount of dogs and cats being owned in Japan within those ten years.

Since most Japanese families are only having one child, their desire to pamper their pets has increased. This has resulted in numerous businesses developing in the hopes of cashing in the pets needs and wants.

Chibagin Research Institute has estimated that $13.8 billion per year is spent on services and products for Japanese pets.

Just as in New York and California, small dogs have been all the rage in Japan. In 2006, there were 500,000 dogs that were registered at the Japan Kennel Club. Of these dogs, 51% were small dogs such as Chihuahuas, miniature dachshunds, and toy poodles.

Ayako Sakemi, a 50 year old housewife in Saitama near Tokyo, whose grown children have left home already, has three poodles that each cost her $1,300.

"I love toy poodles. They're clever and have a nice personality, very cheerful. They are just like my daughters and need lots of care."

It's this kind of mentality that has caused a boom in the pet business in Japan over the past few years. One such successful business is Wanwan Neverland, a mini pet boutique mall in Tokyo's Ginza district which opened in 2004 and is owned by Yuki Nozawa who quit her job as a wedding planner to open up her own pet business.

The Wanwan Neverland has four levels, each containing a myriad of options for both dogs and their owners. A café is on the first level and it is here that dogs can choose a meal from six different menu items. Their owners have their own menu too.

The next two floors contain toys and organic food for dogs. There are also unique items such as an L-shaped, $27 toilet designed for male dogs who spend most of their time inside the home. The L shape helps the dog to lift its leg without making a mess.

Other items include designer clothes and accessories for the fashion conscience dog and their owner.

Nozawa explains, "Long-haired dogs are better off with a dress to prevent molting. Clothing prevents cooling disorders from air conditioners in summer."

A fur coloring service is also available to those dogs who prefer to be free of clothing.

Just like in the USA, hotels that cater for pets are also on the rise. In 2005, Pet Inn Royal, the largest animal hotel in Japan, opened its doors at the Narita Airport. They cater specifically for cats, dogs, rabbits, ferrets, and hamsters.

An average night's stay will run a pet owner somewhere between $33 and $165 per night. This includes a luxury suite with a king-sized mattress. Each room also has a air purifier and an air conditioner.

The general manager of the hotel, Chiyo Sakurai, says: "People see their dogs as their partners or part of their family, and there is an increasing demand for a high-standard service."

Most pets spend about five days at the hotel and have a variety of spa services, such as massages or mud packs, from which to choose.

"A long stay can be stressful, and these treatments are popular," says Sakurai.

Because of the pet care boom, Japan's technology whizz kids have started designing high tech gear to help caring for a pet much easier. For example, pet feeding stations that are controlled remotely have been manufactured and sold by AOS Technologies since 2002. This technologically advanced feeding machine stores and dispenses both food and water for a pet that has been left home alone and is controlled via a computer or cell phone. The latest model, which retails between $400 and $570 each, has a video camera installed so that the pet's owners can keep an eye on their pet.

Automobile giant Honda has developed a special model of the Vamos small utility van. Honda has included stain-resistant and odor-eliminating seats as part of these dog friendly vehicles.

The Japanese know have the opportunity to purchase a burial plot for themselves and their pet through Ohnoya, a leading funeral service company in Tokyo. The burial plots are called "with pet" and allow for both pet owners remains and their pets remains to be buried together. Over 180, 1.2-square-meter "with pet" burial plots have been sold so far, with a cost of $7,200 each.

Photo Credit: dlisbona

Help Prevent Your Dog From Having The 'Back to School Doggie Blues'

Sadly, the summer holidays are finally coming to an end and children and adults are getting ready to go back to school, college and work. While this is a fun and exciting time, especially for young children starting school for the first time, this can also be a time of unease for your dog.

During the past few months your family pet has probably spent every waking moment with either yourself, your child or with your entire family at once. They have become used to a routine in which their favorite person is always around to play with them and feed them.

However, it's 'back to school' time and that means that your pet's favorite person will not be at home for at least 8 hours a day. This can cause separation anxiety for your pet and he may exhibit odd behaviors, such as chewing on the furniture, scratching at the doors and windows, continual barking or meowing, over grooming and even soiling their owner's possessions. The majority of these types of behaviors usually occur within 20 to 45 minutes after you have left your pet home alone.

If you come home to a mess that your dog has made, do not make the assumption that your dog is mad at you for leaving him at home by himself all day. That is not true; rather your dog is suffering from separation anxiety.

Not to worry though as there are quite a few things that you can do now to help prevent your dog from suffering from the 'back to school' blues.

If there are still a few weeks left before school and work start back up again, try to get your pet accustomed to being home alone. An easy way to do this is to go out for a few hours each day and leave your pet at home.

If you only have a few days left before school and work starts, you can try help your dog by not paying so much attention to him as he has been getting over the summer holidays. Although this is easier said than done, your dog will need to have gotten used to being alone and learn to amuse himself whilst the rest of the family is away.

Get your dog used to the concept of the front door. Open the door and walk outside for a few minutes, closing the door behind you. After a while walk back inside again. Practice this a few times a day if possible as this will help ease your pets mind about you leaving the house and will quickly realize that you will walk back in through the door after you've walked out.

Once school and work has started, try to make the morning routine as hassle and event free as possible. Do not give your pet a long good bye as this will only confuse him.

Another really great tip is to leave the television or radio on during the day for your pet. The familiar sounds and voices will help your dog feel secure. Also make sure that you leave your dog's favorite toys scattered around the house. This way your dog will have his own little scavenger hunt to find his toys. Not only will this keep his mind occupied, it will also make him feel comfortable being surrounded by his familiar toys.

If you know that your dog already suffers from separation anxiety, leave a pile of unwashed clothes lying on the floor. Your dog will be able to sniff the scent of the family members and will feel more relaxed.

As soon as you get home in the afternoon or evening, immediately take your dog outside for a walk around the block or play a game of fetch in the backyard. This helps in reassuring your love for your pet as well as helping your pet get the daily exercise that he needs.

If you would still like to avoid any possibility of separation anxiety in your dog, then consider taking your dog to a doggie day camp. Here your dog will get plenty of playtime with other dogs as well as attention from the human care givers.

Remember to never punish your dog for acting out if he has separation anxiety as it is a panic response and not disobedience.

Some veterinarians will suggest that your dog gets a prescription for an anti-anxiety medication. Think about this carefully before agreeing to it as you do not want to have a drugged-up doggie all the time.

An herbal formula, like LessStress, is a perfect alternative to doggie Prozac. It contains herbs that help to calm your dog, thereby reducing hyperactivity and anxiety without any chemical side effects.

Photo Credit: greeblie

Feral Dogs Attack Elderly Couple

In a small town in Georgia, 65 year old Sherry Schweder was taking an evening walk last Friday when she was apparently attacked by a pack of feral dogs. Lothar Schweder, her 77 year old husband, found her lying on the ground when he had set off to find her after she failed to return home. He immediately sprung into action to protect his wife from the unruly canines, but, sadly, also succumbed to them as well.

The following morning, authorities and paramedics found the feral dogs still standing guard over their 'kill'.

Even though there were no witnesses to the murders, local authorities did pick up 16 feral dogs whom they believe to have been involved in the mauling of Mr and Mrs Schweder.

A spokesman for the Humane Society of the United States, Adam Goldfarb, stated that such a dog killing was so rare, in fact, that "you are more likely to killed by a bolt of lightning than by a dog."

Ironically, Mrs Schweder was always concerned about the welfare of the small pack of mixed breed dogs that were often seen wandering around the neighborhood.

It is believed that a few of the medium-sized dogs were abandoned at the residence of Howard Thaxton, who was forced to move due to health issues. However, neighbors have told the police that Thaxton was driven to his old house in order to leave food out for all the dogs on a regular basis. The dogs have since multiplied amongst themselves and become more feral with time.

According to Capt. Shalon Huff of the Oglethorpe County Sheriff's Department, Thaxton has insisted that the dogs had never shown any sign of aggression to him or to anyone else and he therefore believed that the dogs did not kill the elderly couple.

However, Goldfarb offers a different perspective:

"Sometimes the pack mentality can play a role. One dog gets aroused and that revs up his buddies."

Animal Control officers claimed that the pack of feral dogs had shown aggression towards them whilst they were attempting to round them all up. The officers eventually resorted to using tranquilizer guns and humane traps to catch the dogs, explained Capt. Huff, who continued to add that a smaller group of the dogs actually cornered two officers against a vehicle.

Thankfully, none of the dogs showed any sign of having Rabies.

Police officials have concluded that Mrs Schweder had perhaps gone out for her evening walk on Friday, staying close to her home, in an attempt to look for one of her own dogs who had gone missing a month ago.

It was during this walk that Mrs Schweder was attacked, with the preliminary autopsy report stating that she had died as a result of animal bites inflicted by the dogs.

It is then believed that Mr Schweder went in search of his wife in his car after she failed to return home promptly. Mr Schweder found his wife's body and had attempted to use his cell phone to call for help before he too was attacked by the dogs. James Mathews, the Madison County Coroner, also stated that Mr Schweder had died from injuries that he had sustained through multiple animal bite wounds.

On Saturday morning, the couple was discovered by a group of Jehovah's Witnesses who were walking in the same area and immediately called police.

The police arrived to discover several shoe prints, signs of a scuffle and a multitude of paw prints in the mud.

One of the couple's sons, Mark Schweder, has stated that both of his parents were avid animal lovers and therefore he did not want any charges to be brought against the man who had continually fed the dogs.

"It's just a horrible accident," Mark Schweder said.

All 16 dogs were taken to the Madison-Oglethorpe animal shelter, where court-ordered euthanizations were carried out.

Two other dogs still remain at large however and Animal Control Officers are hoping to catch them and bring them in to be euthanized as well.

In the meantime, the Madison-Oglethorpe animal shelter has now been given the responsibility to find homes for the 20 cats and seven dogs that belonged to the Schweders.

According to Goldfarb, there have been 20 deadly dog attacks in the USA this year. In 2008 there were 22 attacks and in 2007 there were 33 attacks by dogs that were all fatal. This is in comparison with the estimated 75 million dogs that are owned across the USA.

In contrast, the National Weather Service has stated that 27 lightning deaths have occurred so far in 2009, 28 in 2008 and 45 in 2007.

Photo Credit: gopal1035

Canine Flu Vaccine

Most dog owners do not realize how dangerous the Canine Flu virus is, until their dogs are struck down by it, like Nicole Kirk's black Labrador, Moose.

Even though most dogs who contract the canine flu, recover fairly quickly, Moose didn't. He ended up in the veterinarian hospital for about a week on an IV, being pumped full of antibiotics, when the flu turned into pneumonia.

However, Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health, a company that produces medications for animals, has devised a flu vaccine. The vaccine was conditionally licensed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in May. It is designed to be given to dogs and puppies that are over the age of 6 weeks via two injections, followed by an annual booster. The company is hoping that the USDA will grant them full licensure soon, pending further studies.

During the initial testing phase, 746 dogs from 30 different breeds, varying in age from 6 weeks to 10 years, were used as guinea pigs for the vaccine. Intervet stated that there were no side effects from the vaccine at all.

The Canine Influenza Virus was first identified in 2004 by veterinarian, Dr. Cynda Crawford, a clinical assistant professor at the College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Florida in Gainesville, along with the veterinarian, Dr. Edward Dubovi from the College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell University.

Dr. Crawford explains the vaccine:

"It's a 'lifestyle vaccine' for dogs who are in communal places such as dog parks, day care, shows, boarding kennels, spas. Dogs who stay at home and just walk around the block are not at risk. Before 2004, it was thought that dogs were not susceptible to the influenza virus. Then we saw it that year among racing greyhounds."

The Canine Influenza Virus, also known as H3N8, is believed to have mutated from the equine virus, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

There have been thousands of Canine Influenza Virus cases since 2004 that have all been confirmed by a laboratory. These cases have cropped up in 30 different states, including the District of Columbia. Colorado, Florida, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania are the states that have seen the most cases.

Dr. Joshua Portner of NorthStar VETS in Clarksburg, N.J., Moose's vet, claimed that his veterinary clinic saw between 10 and 20 dogs, who had the Canine Influenza Virus, between May and June. Unfortunately, there were probably many more as some dog owners decided not to have laboratory tests run to confirm that their dog did indeed have the Canine Influenza Virus.

Luckily, none of these affected dogs died from the virus.

"Most of them had been with many other dogs," explained Portner, who took two different blood tests to confirm the presence of the virus: one whilst the dog was sick and again approximately two or three weeks later.

However, even though New Jersey was one of the hardest hit states in the USA, Dr. Portner is not recommending the Canine Influenza Virus Vaccine to all of his canine patients.

"It's still new, so we don't yet know about all the side effects, and most dogs recover from it if they do get it. So I wouldn't necessarily recommend it for every dog," he said.

Dr. Crawford explains that this canine virus is very similar to the human flu virus:

"The symptoms are similar: coughing, runny nose, sneezing. And it spreads the same way, through direct contact."

The inadvertent spreading of the virus can be stopped by simply properly washing hands, clothes, dog bowls and toys on a regular basis.

"While sick, the dog should be quarantined," Dr. Crawford suggests. "You should call your vet, but you have to let it run its course, just like when you have the flu."

The CDC states that only 10 – 20% of Canine Influenza affected dogs end up with pneumonia, and of this amount 5 – 8% of dogs actually die.

The Canine Influenza Virus is not a seasonal virus like the human flu. Much like Kennel Cough, dogs who are routinely placed in a day care, day camp, boarding facility, or regularly visit a dog park can contract the virus at any time.

This particular vaccine has a "killed," rather than a "live" virus and costs about the same as the canine distemper vaccine.

There is no proof at this time that humans or other animals can contract the Canine Influenza Virus, nor is it linked to the swine flu.

Kimberly May, a spokeswoman for the American Veterinary Medical Association, believes that the new vaccine is very beneficial.

"The vaccine is a critical step in getting canine flu under control. It isn't for every dog, but dog owners should talk to their vets about whether or not their dogs are at risk."

Photo Link: Steven Fernandez

How to Potty Train Your Dog

A big mistake that dog owners make is assuming that a dog is potty trained before they truly are. Use a crate to teach a dog that not going to the bathroom outside is unacceptable with help from a dog trainer in this free video on pet care and obedience training for dogs.

Take Your Cat To The Vet Day is 22 August 2009

Most cat owners do not take their beloved felines into their veterinarian's office on an annual basis for a thorough health checkup. In fact, recently Feline Pine, a cat litter manufacturer, conducted an online poll that proved that a mere 47% of cat owners actually take their cats in for an annual checkup; whilst only 35% said that they only take their cat into the vet when their cat is sick.

Even though some veterinary health officials will claim that these figures are not bad, according to top feline specialist, Dr. Michele Gaspar, these figures are not good enough.

So, in an effort to spread the importance of cat owners taking in their cats on an annual basis for a health checkup, she has partnered up with the new national "Take Your Cat to the Vet Day" campaign which was launched by Feline Pine.

The campaign is actually an attempt to reach out to cat owners and lovers alike in an effort to educate them regarding the importance of receiving an annual checkup for their cats.

The University of Illinois, Chicago's Center for Veterinary Medicine is also offering their full support to the campaign, which kicks off on 22 August 2009.

In order to be a part of this Take Your Cat to the Vet Day, cat owners need to register online at the Feline Pine website. Once registered, they will receive annual reminder cards to remind them to schedule their cat's yearly vet appointment.

Dr. Gaspar explains the need for such a campaign:

"Over the past 10 - 15 years, the focus has shifted from vaccines leading the exam to the importance of the exam. This is a result of our knowing more about vaccine duration of immunity and vaccine immunology, so that the focus now is on the exam and a cat's lifestyle with vaccines chosen appropriately."

Annual exams are the only way in which a veterinarian, like Dr. Gaspar, can detect an illness in a cat before it is too late to eradicate the illness.

"Cats hide illnesses very well," explained Dr. Gaspar. "Often by the time a client realizes something is wrong, the cat is very ill, and that often translates into expensive care. Although your cat may appear perfectly healthy, it's still very important to bring them to the veterinarian for an annual exam so they stay that way. We want to remind people that a thorough exam is the key to maintaining good health. With a thorough exam, a veterinarian can pick up clues of illness that may warrant testing and prevent suffering."

During a cat's annual exam, Dr. Gaspar looks out for certain elements regarding the cats outside physical appearance as well as his internal health. Dr. Gaspar writes a regular column called Vet Chat which is published on the Feline Pine website.

There are many elements that Dr. Gaspar examines a cat for during its annual physical exam, most of which can lead to further diagnostic testing if an illness is found. A few of them include:

* A significant loss of weight since the last time that the cat was seen by the Vet. This weight loss can be caused by kidney disease, diabetes or even gastro intestinal disease.

* Swelling of a cat's lymph nodes. These nodes are usually found under a cat's jaw, under their arms, behind their hind legs and knees and just in front of their shoulders. Swelling of the lymph nodes can be as a result of inflammation in a particular area of the cat's body where these nodes drain. The swelling could also be an indication of an infectious disease or tumor.

*The color of a cat's gums. Any change in the color of a cat's gums can be indicative of a variety of illness and disease. For example, a cat whose gums are purplish usually has heart trouble; a cat with pale gums is most often anemic, gums that are bright red often confirm a fever in a cat, whilst cats that have liver disease usually have yellowish gums.

* During a veterinary visit, the vet will push on the cat's abdominal area in an attempt to determine the healthiness of the cat's kidneys, liver, intestines, lymph nodes, bladder, and pancreas.

* Finally the veterinarian will gently run their hands over a cat's coat to feel for any mats in the cat's fur or for areas of dramatic hair loss. If a cat is suffering from bladder or intestinal tract issues, they will usually over groom themselves which can result in bald spots on their fur.

If you own a cat or two, you should seriously consider registering at the Feline Pine website in support of Take Your Cat to the Vet Day.

Photo Credit: theogeo

Cat Earns High School Diploma

Cats are no longer your typical mouse-catching, ball-chasing, household feline. Today's modern cat usually has their own Facebook page and Twitter account, as well as a few close-up modeling shots splattered across the website 'I can haz cheezburger'.

Today, as evidenced by YouTube, cats are able to quickly learn to play the piano, dance and do acrobatic feats. All of this proves that cats have undergone some kind of evolution within the past few years. Today it is even possible, thanks to their intelligence, that cats are able to earn their high school diplomas online.

Even though this sounds pretty amazing, it is true! Oreo C. Collins is not only the first cat to earn a high school diploma online, but probably also the youngest to do so at the tender young age of 2 years old.

Oreo's story begins when she was rescued out of a ditch when she was just a mere ball of fur in Macon, Georgia. Oreo was eventually adopted by her rescuer, Kelvin Collins, who is the president and CEO of the Better Business Bureau of Central Georgia.

It seemed that Mr. Collins strongly encouraged Oreo to pursue an online education and persuaded her to take part in an ongoing investigation of online diploma mills that was initiated by the Better Business Bureau.

Of Oreo's intelligence, Mr. Collins has admitted that: "Oreo's a really smart cat."

It certainly seems as if Mr. Collins is correct, as Oreo received almost straight A's on her online test. The rest of Oreo's scores came from a life experience essay that she had to write. Oreo chose to write about becoming a part of Mr. Collins' family through adoption.

In her essay, Oreo wrote about how grateful she was that Mr. Collins found her whilst attending his son Brennan's football practice. She is even more grateful that Mr. Collins believed in her so much that he paid her $200 school test fee out of his own pocket, just so that she could obtain her high diploma from Jefferson High School Online.

Although Oreo is one smart cookie, ah, cat, Mr. Collins did have to help her little bit along the way in answering some of the very tough questions online. Mr. Collins confessed that Oreo sat quietly in his lap during the test. Mr. Collins, on the other hand, was grateful that the online high school's testing program offered him suggestions on the correct answers.

"If you miss a question, the test gives you a hint that tells you what the answer is," Mr. Collins said.

Even though Oreo completed a remarkable feat by obtaining her high school diploma online, it should not be confused with a General Education Development Diploma or GED.

Cassandra M. Brown, a spokeswoman for GED Testing, explains:

"The GED Tests cannot be taken online. They are only available for in-person testing at an Official GED Testing Center."

In fact, Ms. Brown has confirmed that the GED Testing Service, which is actually a Program of the American Council on Education, has warned the public about the dangers of such online high school programs like Jefferson High School Online.

Mr. Collins admits that even though he realizes how important it was for Oreo to receive her high school diploma online, he acknowledges the fact that Oreo's degree should be considered a warning for other prospective high school graduate wannabe's - humans, cats and dogs alike, of course. No amount of money can be substituted for a good, hard-earned, education.

Mr. Collins states:

"We (the BBB) do a lot of stories on these diploma mills, but a lot of times consumers really don't get it until you show them an example of how they (the diplomas) aren't worth much."

Sadly, this means that Oreo's adoptive brothers, Brennan, 12, and Brad, 15, will also have to earn their high school diploma's the hard way.

"I told them I'm going to ahead and make them earn their high school diplomas the old-fashioned way," said Mr. Collins. "They're really jealous, especially considering school started yesterday."

Oreo has slowly realized that her joy in earning her high school diploma online was short lived and now wonders what the future has in store for her.

"She would have loved going to high school," said Collins. "She's very social and very nosy."

Sadly, Oreo will not be able to earn her college degree online either, as the costs are exorbitantly high.

"I chose Jefferson High School Online because it was one of the cheaper diploma mills," Mr. Collins admitted. "If you want to get a 'college degree,' that's $800 to $1,200."

To reward her for her outstanding academic achievements, the Collins family bought Oreo a brand new automatic litter box and showered her with a few extra treats.

Photo Credit: danielfoster437

Sewer Kitten Alive and Well!

It is the kind of story that everyone wants to read every single day: A young kitten rescued from a sewer pipe by a good Samaritan.

It all started on Saturday afternoon when a car driven by Richard Lorenzi, a Jersey City Animal Control Officer, came to a halt at the intersection of West Side and Communipaw avenues in Jersey City. Being that it was such a hot, sunny day, Lorenzi's car windows were open and he was able to hear a very faint cry emanating from the sewer grate on the side of the road next to his stopped vehicle.

Lorenzi immediately got out of his vehicle and started searching for the source of the cries. The pitiful sounds were coming from a corner sewer basin. Right away, Lorenzi radioed the Jersey City Police Department and, without delay, members of the Emergency Services Unit, arrived on the scene to help Lorenzi.

The eager group of emergency services personnel quickly removed the sewer basin grating, thereby enabling Animal Control Officer Lorenzi to descent into the dark, wet sewer pipe. As soon as Lorenzi was down, he immediately scooped up a tiny kitten just before his little head went under the surface of the filthy dirty water.

The tiny kitten, who is estimated to be only a month old and male, is recovering at the West Side Avenue Animal Hospital, in New Jersey.

The manager of the West Side Avenue Animal Hospital, Roselle Camaligan, stated that, although the tiny kitten was quite obviously sore from its ordeal, it was in rather good spirits and in good health.

"Our sore kitten is in the custody of the city Board of Health, and he is getting medical attention and resting comfortably," Camaligan said. "Right now, he is enjoying the air conditioning."

Before the rescued kitten can be placed for adoption, he will need to be neutered first. Therefore, according to Andy Krochalk, of the Liberty Humane Society, it will be quite a while before the kitten will be listed for adoption. The reason for this is quite simple: Before a kitten can be spayed or neutered, it has to weigh at least 2 pounds and be at least 2 months old in age.

Mr. Krochalk said: "We sometimes wait until they are 2 1/2 to 3 pounds to be on the safe side before any surgery. Until then, the cat is in foster care."

Animal Control Officer Emanuel Machado also explained about another hold up in delaying the kitten's adoption: a seven day waiting period exists in order for the kitten's owner to come forward and claim him first, before being allowed to be adopted.

However, this might not be a problem for this little sewer cat. The Animal Control Officer who rescued him, Richard Lorenzi, explained that during the kitten's rescue:

"There were so many people around the intersection asking if they could have the cat."

Sadly, it is not uncommon to see cats and kittens of various ages roaming the city streets at this time of year.

A spokeswoman, Amy Gedulding, of the ASPCA national organization in New York City, explains that:

"There is a kitten season, from spring to the fall. It is the warm months when female cats go into heat. It is also when shelters around the country are busiest with cats."

Senior Vice President of the ASPCA adoption center, Gail Buchwald, explained that the reason that there are so many cats and kittens out on the streets throughout the world is as of a direct result of the irresponsibility of humans, and in fact, the worst scenario that a cat could face in the city is being hit by a car, instead of falling down a sewer pipe.

"Those feral cats are a result of pets being released or because 'intact' cats, those pets which are not spayed or neutered, are left to roam outside the home. Breeding season is triggered by cycles of longer daylight. Cats will roam for longer periods. A male cat will disappear for a longer time, sometimes days. They can smell a female cat a mile away," she said.

If you are thinking about adopting the little kitten in Jersey City, Gail Buchwalkd is warning potential owners that it may be quite a challenge to form a bond with the new kitten. The reason for this is that the kitten would have had no prior human contact for 14 days, before being adopted out. Unfortunately, as each day and eventually week passes by, it will become more and more difficult to bond with the kitten.

However, it is not impossible to do.

Photo Credit: andybee21

Animal Advocate Groups Sue for Helmsley's Money

The estate of the late billionaire, Leona Helmsley, was estimated to be worth $5 billion upon her death in 2007, when she left it dog charities. In fact, four years prior to her death, Mrs. Helmsley wrote in her will that the distribution of her estate should go towards providing care for dogs. However, Mrs. Helmsley also added "and such other charitable activities as the trustees shall determine."

In February this year, a judge in Manhattan determined that the trustees of Mrs. Helmley's estate had sole discretion when it came to appropriately distributing the funds from her estate and that, therefore, Mrs. Helmsley's entire estate did not have to 'go to the dogs', regardless of what was actually written in Mrs. Helmsley's will!

Mrs. Helmsley also left $12 million to her Maltese Poodle, Trouble; which provoked many people to issue death threats against Trouble.

Yet another judge intervened and ordered that the amount of money that Trouble inherited would be reduced to a mere $2 million, even though Mrs. Helmsley's estate pays $100,000 a year for security for Trouble.

Since then only $136 million has been paid, with most of that money being donated to medical centers instead of dogs. Roughly, $1 million was actually donated to animal welfare!

President of the Humane Society of the United States, Wayne Pacelle, stated:

"This is a trifling and embarrassingly small amount. Mrs. Helmsley's wishes are clearly being subverted. We are extremely disappointed that less than 1 percent of the allocation announced is going to animal-related organizations, and only one-tenth of 1 percent is going to animal welfare organizations. We are in touch with the interested parties and are hoping to have a satisfactory resolution - a much larger percentage than 1 percent."

The Human Society, A.S.P.C.A. and the Guide Dogs for the Blind shared the $1 million with 7 other animal rights and welfare organizations.

Even though this was an immediate public uproar about the misallocation of Mrs. Helmsley's estate, the trustees of the Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, Mrs. Helmsley's brother, Alvin Rosenthal, two grandsons, Walter and David Panzirer, one of her lawyers, Sandor Franke and her friend John Codey, issued the following statement:

"Throughout their lives, the Helmsleys were committed to helping others, through the innovations of medical research."

Nowhere in the statement did they mention the debate over money being appropriately sent to animal welfare organizations.

Last week, the Humane Society of the United States, the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and Maddie's Fund all filed a joint lawsuit in New York Surrogate's Court against the trustees, on the grounds that only $100,000 of the estate went to animal welfare groups and insisting that Mrs. Helmsley clearly stated in her will that the majority of her estate should be directed to the care and welfare of dogs.

Their lawsuit is hoping to overturn the earlier ruling allowing the trustees of the estate to distribute Mrs. Helmsley's funds as they deemed appropriate, even if that meant ignoring her wishes.

Board Chair of the ASPCA, Marsha Perelman, explained that:

"Just a fraction of the money involved in Mrs. Helmsley's estate is a game-changer for animal welfare. The fate of dogs in this country could very well rest on the decision of this lawsuit, it is that critical."

Prior to the previous ruling being initiated, no nonprofit animal groups were contacted nor allowed to place formal objections, and as a result of that ruling, less than 0.1% of Mrs. Helmslety's trust was donated to dog-related animal charities.

President and CEO of the ASPCA, Ed Sayres, said:

"Dog fighting, puppy mills, pet homelessness and overpopulation are not $100,000 problems. But they're not billion-dollar problems, either. Mrs. Helmsley understood the importance of animal welfare. She wanted her worldly estate to make our society better for dogs and animals, and if distributed as she intended, it definitely has the power to do so."

Although the three animal welfare organizations are not actually seeking specific monetary grants, they are hoping that they can work alongside the Trustees in an advisory capacity. By doing so, the three groups are confident that they can help the Trustees to award funds to various needy animal charities throughout the USA.

"There has been a sea change in recent years in how we treat animals. It's a shame that the Helmsley Trustees don't understand or respect that change," says Sayres.

Besides the immediate nature of Mrs. Helmsley's funds not being awarded to dog charities, the three groups are hoping that the lawsuit will make lawmakers reconsider their stance on protecting the wishes of the deceased, especially if they are explicitly written in their will, as well as protecting charities from dishonorable trustees who blatantly ignore such bequeaths.

Photo Credit: David Paul Ohmer

Reasons Why You Should Spay or Neuter Your Cat

This great video explains the many reasons why cats should be spayed or neutered.

Diabetic Detecting Dog

Seth Waite is only 6 years old but was diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes when he was 4 years old.

His parents, Patience and J.R. Waite, have had to constantly monitor their son in order to protect him. However, their job may just have gotten a bit easier with the introduction of Rex.

Rex is a black Labrador Retriever that is being specially trained to pick up Seth's scents and behaviorisms that could mean trouble with his diabetes.

When Rex was only 6 weeks old, the Waite family picked him from the airport in June and together the four of them travelled to Pawsibilities Unleashed in Frankfort, Kentucky. Here, the family embarked on 9 days of practical scent training in order to learn how better to teach Rex the subtle signals of Seth's approaching diabetic attacks. The Waite's training will, hopefully, lead to Rex being able to warn both Seth and his parents if Seth's blood glucose levels drop dangerously low.

Seth's mother, Patience, explained that "It was instant bonding" when her son and Rex met at the airport for the first time.

Although Rex's training is still at the beginning stages, he is learning quite quickly! Seth's parents send Rex to search through the house looking for Seth as well as sniffing him when his blood sugar is low. They even use cotton balls that have Seth's saliva on them which they freeze and then use later on for games of hide and go seek with Rex and Seth.

So far the training seems to be working. Rex is now able to pick up on a few subtle signs and then attempts to alert Seth by bumping his hand with his head when he detects that Seth's blood sugar is too low. If Seth's blood sugar is too high, Rex waves his paw as high in the air as he can in order to alert Seth.

During outings to parks and malls, Rex wears a blue vest that says "Please don't pet me - I'm working".

"The training will be ongoing, with constant reinforcement from us," said J.R.

Besides the training, Rex is learning all about Seth's individual mannerisms through constant play. The Waite's are hoping that Rex will soon adopt "the attitude that Seth is his baby and he's going to take care of him," J.R. explained.

Although Rex currently sleeps in a kennel besides Seth's bed, he will eventually be allowed onto the bed to sleep with Seth. This way, he will be in a better position to sniff out changes in Seth's blood glucose levels that may occur overnight. If they do change, Rex is being trained to not only wake Seth up, but to also run into Patience and J.R.'s room and wake them up too.

Seth is a deep sleeper and will sleep through any changes in his blood glucose levels. This could be potentially fatal as he could either slip into a coma or have a seizure. Seth also has an implanted insulin pump, however, his tiny 6 year old body, doesn't always respond to the pump like it should.

In the meantime, the Waite's have set an alarm clock to go off every 2 hours in order to check on Seth.

"You can never really relax," Patience said.

The Waite's purchased Rex from Wildrose Kennels in Oxford, Mississippi. Owners of Wildrose Kennels, Mike and Cathy Stewart have been breeding and training British Labradors since 1972. Earlier this year, they set up a nonprofit foundation to help train dogs to work with diabetic children and adults.

Mike Stewart explained that these are very smart dogs, that are not only competent enough to learn how to make intelligent decisions but they are also capable of learning to think things through before they react.

"I've seen dogs do things that stun people," Mike said.

The great thing about Labrador Retrievers is that they love to please their people and respond best with lavish praise and attention.

Some of these dogs, even one's that have not been specifically trained, have been able to sniff out an epilepsy attack before it begins or have been known to continuously sniff at a cancerous mole.

"A dog's sense of smell is 100 times stronger than a human's, and it's not terribly difficult (for the right breed) to learn to identify different types of scents," Stewart said. "Then you reward them that this is what you wanted."

In 2008, a study was conducted at Queen's University Belfast in Ireland, of 212 diabetics and their dogs. The results revealed that the dogs were reacting to a change in their owner's body odor, sweat or their breath. Other dogs in the study were noted as reacting to visual clues like their owner becoming disoriented or irritable.

Photo Credit: glassblower

The Newest 'Oldest Dog'

Everyone remembers Chanel, the Daschund mix living in New York who celebrated her 21st birthday in May. According to Chanel's owner, Guinness World Records named her the 'World's Oldest Living Dog'.

However, that could all change as another US dog has just celebrated a birthday milestone - his 26th birthday! Max, a Terrier mix, celebrated his birthday on 9 August at his home in New Iberia, Louisiana.

If you take in consideration Max's age in dog years, he would be 182 years old! He even has his own original birth certificate from his veterinarian to prove it!

Max's owner, 49 year old, Janelle Derouen, bought him from a local sugar cane farmer back in 1983.

"He was the only one in the litter that was brown and I liked the color so I took him home," she remembered about the day she got him.

When Mrs. Derouen adopted Max, he was the runt of the litter of five puppies.

"Something drew me to him and we've been together ever since," she says.

Since coming home with Mrs. Derouen, Max, and his house brother, Murphy, a four year old Pomeranian mix, have become beloved family members.

"My kids are all grown, I have five kids. Two sons, three daughters and 11 grandkids," said Mrs. Derouen. "And now all the grandkids are playing with him."

In fact, Mrs. Derouen and her husband, Billy, who is also 49 years old, threw a birthday party in honor of Max.

"We had a gift table set up. He had other little doggie friends over," described Mrs. Derouen. "He was chewing on his little birthday cake that was made of cream cheese and peanut butter. He was thrilled."

"Me and my husband [got] him his own little sofa bed. He has his own little couch now. We spoiled him just a little bit that once,' she said.

Mrs. Derouen has explained that she and her husband do not spoil Max and Murphy.

"I never spoiled Max. I've never fed him anything but Kibbles and Bits and a few treats like those beefy doggy bones. We don't give him any food from our table."

Max has not had any major health problems. However, Max does have cataracts potentially starting as well as the beginning signs of arthritis. Max has been seen by the same veterinarian at the Robichaux Veterinary Clinic since he was born.

"The only time I had to bring him to the vet for something serious was for a tooth to be extracted. But that's it. He is starting to get cataracts, a little arthritis, but otherwise he's healthy," stated Mrs. Derouen.

Mrs. Derouen, who works at a neurologist's office as a patient services coordinator, has stated that although she is extremely happy that Max has lived for so long, she is unsure of how he is achieving such a nice, long life span.

"I'm still wondering. I don't feed him any type of table food. He started on Puppy Chow as a puppy and has been eating Kibbles 'n Bits for the last 15 years. He's a very, very laid back dog. He likes to lie down, relax, nap, sleep a lot and keep life simple. He'll play with the kids for a bit but if they bother him too long he'll wander off. He doesn't have any fancy toys, just a bit of rope and a regular squeaky ball," said Mrs. Derouen.

Mrs. Derouen immediately contacted Guinness World Records after hearing about 21 year old, Daschund mix, Chanel. She has already supplied their representatives with a copy of Max's original birth certificate as well as his health records from his veterinarian. Currently, Max and Mrs. Derouen are waiting to hear back from the Guinness World Records to see whether or not Max will be named as the "World's Oldest Living Dog'.

However, it seems that Max may not be the only living dog older than Chanel. Apparently, other dog owners have stepped forward to claim the title for their dog. Guinness World Records has placed the following statement on their website:

"From all the attention Chanel's birthday received as she was recognized by Guinness World Records as the world's oldest dog we have received emails from many of you saying your dog is older. Thank you very much for getting in touch with us.

The best thing to do if you think you have a dog that is older than Chanel is to submit your claim via the 'Set a record' link on our homepage. That way your claim will be processed in the official manner and if successful, your dog can be recognized as the world's oldest. Guinness World Records are meant to be broken as they say so we can't wait to hear from you. Good luck!"

Photo Credit: diveofficer

Dogs on the Menu in Poland

Dogs seem to be quite popular in Poland, but not in a good way!

A couple living on a farm near Czestochowa in southern Poland are currently being questioned by Polish police regarding selling lard on their farm that appears to have come from dogs and puppies that have been fattened for slaughter, in an attempt to create one of Poland's famed national dishes out of the dogs.

The couple is selling the lard as an alternative to one of Poland's national dishes, called Smalec. It is a special type of lard that is served with bread as an appetizer of sorts in restaurants throughout Poland.

The Smalec dish is usually created using pork, however, both the Polish police and activists from the animal welfare group and charity called 'For Animals', believe that the owners of the farm started producing and selling the dog lard in an effort to profit from certain folkloric beliefs. Such beliefs, that are widely present throughout the countryside, state that the fat of a dog contains extraordinary medicinal properties. It is said that dog lard contains many health benefits; the couple is selling the dog lard as a health supplement.

The 'For Animals' animal welfare group, sent one of their inspectors to go undercover to the farm to buy some of the lard. Renata Mizera, head of the 'For Animals' group and the undercover inspector, stated that the woman had repeatedly expressed the wondrous health benefits that the lard contained, even going so far as to admit that she gave a spoonful of the lard to her daughter's evening meal every night.

"Half a liter of fat was being sold for 37 Euros ($53, £31)," said Renata Mizera.

Mizera's report regarding her undercover investigation also stated that the dogs that lived on the farm "were overfed to the point of no longer being able to walk".

After buying the so-called 'dog lard' from the man and the woman, Mizera on behalf of the 'For Animals' animal welfare and charity group, tipped off the Polish police, who then, subsequently, raided the farm. Upon entering the outbuildings on the farm, the police and the other veterinary officials who accompanied them, found the carcasses of many dogs scattered around the floors, in badly decomposing states.

In a different room machinery, including a bloody axe, and a myriad of blood stained clothing, were discovered. The Polish police also found what they depicted as a "filthy" refrigerator inside which was housed a large assortment of bottles containing the lard.

"I don't even want to think about what happened here," said one police scientist. "It makes your hair stand on end."

The investigation also revealed 28 dogs, including St Bernard's and other puppies that were so overweight and overfed that they could hardly move or stand up. The dogs and puppies were all kept in filthy cages on the farm.

The bottles that contained the lard have been sent off for tests in order to determine whether or not the lard does indeed come from the dogs. Apparently one of the suspects is claiming that the lard actually comes from pigs and not dogs.

If the tests come back positive and it is therefore confirmed that the lard is derived from the dogs, then this would mean that the consumption of dogs, which is usually associated with China or South Korea, still has a grip in Europe, albeit a folkloric grip.

"We know of places in Poland where dogs are killed as part of a tradition going back generations. Dog fat is thought to be good for lung diseases and other illnesses. It's also good business. A half-liter bottle can go for about £30," explained Renata Mizera.

If it is found that the lard that the couple has been selling from their farm does, indeed, come from the dogs, then they could potentially face a 2 year jail sentence for animal cruelty as well as 'distributing an unsafe substance'.

The 'For Animals' welfare group is presently caring for all 28 of the dogs that were found and rescued and are now hoping to find new, healthy, homes for all them soon.

Photo Credit: Oni Saints

Tax Deductions for Pet Care

Millions of Americans are anxiously awaiting the outcome of a new bill proposed by U.S. Representative Thaddeus McCotter (R-MI) that would make expenses for pet care tax deductible.

Act H.R. 3501, entitled "Humanity and Pets Partnered Through the Years (HAPPY) Act", would institute a change within the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to permit pet owners to deduct up to $3500 from their taxable income expenses they occurred in providing adequate pet care. Most routine pet care expenses would be covered however the cost of purchasing a pet would not be covered. Pets that qualify should be able to be described as "a legally owned, domesticated, live animal" and therefore does not include animals that are owned or utilized in conjunction with a trade or business or animals that are used for research.

The HAPPY Act was introduced on 31 July, 2009, and was written based on research supplied by the American Pet Products Association's National Pet Owners Survey and was then referred to the House Committee on Ways and Means. The Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council is giving their full support and issued an alert on 5 August, 2009:

"Providing pet owners the opportunity to deduct pet care expenses is an important step toward ensuring that pet owners provide adequate veterinary and other necessary pet care. It encourages responsible pet ownership and will hopefully reduce the abandonment of pets by people struggling as a result of the economic downturn."

Under this bill, a pet's owner could not cover amounts which were deducted under IRC sections 162 (ordinary and necessary expenses) and 213 (diagnostic and similar procedures, medical devices and other medical expenses not covered by insurance) during the past three taxable years.

However, since this piece of legislation is still being worked out, it is unknown if pet care expenses as defined by the HAPPY Act would include expenses incurred with the ownership of a service animal, such as a seeing eye dog.

Here is a copy of the actual HAPPY bill:

Humanity and Pets Partnered Through the Years (HAPPY) Act (Introduced in House)

HR 3501 IH

111th CONGRESS

1st Session

H. R. 3501

To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow a deduction for pet care expenses.

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

July 31, 2009

Mr. MCCOTTER introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Ways and Means

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A BILL

To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow a deduction for pet care expenses.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the 'Humanity and Pets Partnered Through the Years (HAPPY) Act'.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

The Congress finds the following:

(1) According to the 2007-2008 National Pet Owners Survey, 63 percent of United States households own a pet.

(2) The Human-Animal Bond has been shown to have positive effects upon people's emotional and physical well-being.

SEC. 3. DEDUCTION FOR PET CARE EXPENSES.

(a) In General- Part VII of subchapter B of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to additional itemized deductions for individuals) is amended by redesignating section 224 as section 225 and by inserting after section 223 the following new section:

`SEC. 224. PET CARE EXPENSES.

`(a) Allowance of Deduction- In the case of an individual, there shall be allowed as a deduction for the taxable year an amount equal to the qualified pet care expenses of the taxpayer during the taxable year for any qualified pet of the taxpayer.

`(b) Maximum Deduction- The amount allowable as a deduction under subsection (a) to the taxpayer for any taxable year shall not exceed $3,500.

`(c) Qualified Pet Care Expenses- For purposes of this section, the term `qualified pet care expenses' means amounts paid in connection with providing care (including veterinary care) for a qualified pet other than any expense in connection with the acquisition of the qualified pet.

`(d) Qualified Pet- For purposes of this section-

`(1) QUALIFIED PET- The term `qualified pet' means a legally owned, domesticated, live animal.

`(2) EXCEPTIONS- Such term does not include any animal-

`(A) used for research or owned or utilized in conjunction with a trade or business, or

`(B) with respect to which the taxpayer has claimed a deduction under section 162 or 213 in any of the preceding 3 taxable years.'.

(b) Clerical Amendment- The table of sections for part VII of subchapter B of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by striking the last item and inserting the following new items:

`Sec. 224. Pet care expenses.

`Sec. 225. Cross reference.'.

(c) Effective Date- The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2009.

Photo Credit: Gore Fiendus

Hospice Care for Pets

Gone are the days of immediate euthanasia upon hearing a veterinarian's diagnosis about the deteriorating health of a beloved pet - thankfully!

These days, caring pet owners are seeking hospice care for their sick and dying pets. Hospice care, usually overseen by a veterinarian, helps pets and other animals who are suffering with heart or kidney failure, or other kind of terminal illness, to die peacefully in their homes surrounded by their loving family members, rather in a cold veterinary hospital.

Founder of the Nikki Hospice Foundation for Pets, an educational and referral service in Vallejo, California, Kathryn Marocchino, explains the popularity of hospice care for pets amongst pet owners as:

"These are the people who consider pets a part of the family and want to do whatever it takes to be there for them up until the end," she says.

For the most part, pet owners whose pets are terminally ill, prefer hospice care for their pet because they have already experienced hospice care on first hand basis, usually with a parent or loved one.

A veterinarian will teach the pet's owner the correct way to administer medication, change the pet's dressings and how best to provide food and water to their ailing pet, all in the comfort of their own home.

The pet's pain is managed via pharmaceutical drugs and holistic medicine. Often alternative healing therapies are sought for the pet, such as Reiki and homeopathy, in an effort to compliment the medication that the pet is currently taking. These therapies and drugs are usually continued until the pet passes away naturally or if the pet's owners change their mind and decide to have their pet euthanized.

Depending on their prognosis from a qualified vet, some pets may live for quite a few more years whilst receiving hospice care at home. Other animals will only have a few days or weeks left to live. In either situation, providing the pet with stability and comfort in its own home has many benefits, not only for the pet but for the family as well.

There are approximately 100 veterinarians in the USA that offer hospice care support to pet owners as part of their usual veterinary services.

There are a few veterinary clinics, however, that cater specifically to the hospice care of animals, such as the Argus Institute at Colorado State University in Fort Collins.

"It is a service, I think, people are going to be asking for more and more," said Marocchino.

Marocchino's foundation conducts an annual symposium on animal hospice care at the University of California in Davis. The symposium usually draws veterinarians and other hospice care givers. However, Marocchino has seen an increase in the amount of pet owners and hospice workers at human hospice care centers also attending the symposium.

Sharen Meyers, who runs a pet loss support group, has been a social worker in human hospice care for many years. She believes that pet owners are too hasty in their decision to euthanize their pets when they are told about the animal's incurable diagnosis and then, afterwards, the owners tend to feel guilty about their decision. However, feelings of guilt are usually never felt by pet owners who decide on providing their pet with hospice care instead.

"When people walk through the hospice process thoughtfully and consciously, it lessens the intensity of the grief afterwards," said Meyers.

Another option for ill pets is for their owners to take them to an animal hospice facility, such as the one in Bend, Oregon, called Synergy Animal Hospice. Here all companion animals, including horses, geckos, rabbits and chickens are able to receive end-of-life care.

Synergy is a nonprofit hospice center that also has an inpatient-care unit for pets whose families are not able to provide care for their pets at home.

The center provides such services as Reiki for the dying pets and emotional support groups for their families.

Meyers is hoping that she will be able receive donations and grants so that she too can provide such in-demand and needed services to the ill pets in her community.

Kenneth Koch of Modesto, California, opted for hospice care for his cat, Midnight, when she became terminally ill with chronic renal failure. Koch spent a total of three years caring for his dying cat in the comfort of her own home with him. Midnight adopted Koch almost 20 years ago by showing up on his doorstep one day.

Koch invested nearly $12, 000 for the three year at-home treatment for Midnight, including intravenous treatments, daily injections and a variety of pills.

"She was such a big part of my life," said Koch. "I was just giving back for all the love she gave to me."

Photo Credit: mcsquishee

Your Pet's Horoscope for August 2009

CAPRICORN (December 22 - January 20)

Despite the warm weather, Capricorn pets will behave rather coolly and indifferent this month. This will prove to be a bit alarming and frustrating for their owners, as these pets will start to exhibit somewhat odd behaviors and eating habits. This won't last too long and by the end of the month your pet will be back to his old self again.

AQUARIUS (January 21 - February 19)

This month, Aquarius pets will need extra TLC from their owners, as they show just how nervous they can get over the hustle and bustle inside the home concerning students who are getting ready to go back to school. Make sure you spend extra quality time with your pet so that she does not feel left out.

PISCES (February 20 - March 20)

Blame it on the summertime heat, if you will, but this month Pisces pets will appear to be quite lazy and rather self indulgent too! This lethargic lifestyle is quite fine for now but just keep in mind that prolonged laziness can lead to obesity for your pet. Try to get your Pisces pet out of the house for a bit.

ARIES (March 21 - April 20)

Planning on having a house party this month? Well then be prepared for your Aries pet to be the center of attention! Don't worry though; your pet will love it! This is the perfect opportunity to teach your pet a new trick or two to show off to your guests.

TAURUS (April 21 - May 21)

The usually lovable and kind Taurus pet will seem to have gone over to the dark side this month! Do not be alarmed when your pet refuses to share toys with you or any other pet in the household. What's his IS his this month. This won't last long and your Taurus pet will be back to his usually self by month's end.

GEMINI (May 22 - June 21)

One of the most inquisitive pets, the Gemini pet will seem to be rejuvenated this month. Use this bout of extra energy to your advantage and take the family out for the day with your pet. Hiking or other similar type of adventure will go over very well for both your pet and the rest of your family.

CANCER (June 22 - July 23)

Even though Cancer pets come across as being introverted, they will appear to be in sync with you and the rest of the household members. However, your Cancer pet will still succumb to ugly mood swings every now and then this month. Be sure to keep him in-check by providing lots of quality time together.

LEO (July 24 - August 23)

Their birthday status will go straight to the Leo pet's head this month, as they try to outsmart you in order to vie for pack leader. Gently remind your Leo pet of their role in the family pack by taking a new obedience class together.

VIRGO (August 24 - September 23)

August will also see a few Virgo pets celebrating their birthday as well. Besides throwing your Virgo pet a birthday party, your household will be streaming with activities this month. Keep an eye on your pet as they can feel left out pretty quickly. Remember to bring your Virgo pet along for the ride whenever possible.

LIBRA (September 24 - October 23)

The Libra pet will need to be given extra special one-on-one attention this month, as their needs change. They may decide on a new area for their bed to be. They may even prefer a welcome change in routine. Pay attention to your pet and you will know exactly when it is the right time to show them just how much you care about them.

SCORPIO (October 24 - November 2)

Scorpio pets will need additional motivational support this month in order to get them up and about from laying around in the sunshine all day. Take your pet for a nice long walk for a change of scenery. Just be sure that they get adequate exercise to avoid obesity, and don't forget the water!

SAGITTARIUS (November 23 - December 21)

August will prove to be a very energetic month for Sagittarius pets this year, which will be proven by your pet running around the house like a jack rabbit. Be sure to set some boundaries and remind your pet of them, otherwise their antics can lead to a broken vase. Since Sagittarius pets can become overly excited this month, it is advisable to keep household visitations at a minimum.

Photo Credit: ldpedersen

New Breed of Dalmatians

A new breed of Dalmatian is causing a spot of bother for the UK Kennel Club.

Even a child can recognize Dalmatians: the white dogs with the black spots that have been epitomized by Disney's 101 Dalmatians. But underneath those spots lies a genetic problem that affects virtually every Dalmatian causing them unbearable pain and possible death early in their lives.

However, a new, healthier, breed of Dalmatians have been produced. These new Dalmatians do not carry the fatal genes that the regular Dalmatians have.

Yet, instead of being embraced by Dalmatian fans, this new Dalmatian breed has become quite a hot topic, resulting in the launch of an opposition group named "Genuine Dalmatians". One of the main focus points of this group is to strongly oppose the introduction of the newer Dalmatian breed into Britain.

The new Dalmatian breed has been produced by cross breeding a normal Dalmatian with a totally different breed of dog, the Pointer. The cross breeding was a deliberate attempt at extinguishing the fatal genes from the 'firehouse dog'. This fatal gene can cause high levels of uric acid in the blood of most pedigreed Dalmatians. Sadly, this results in gout, kidney stones, bladder stones and eventually death.

According to the UK Kennel Club and the British Dalmatian Club, the cross breeding of the Dalmatian and the Pointer is in violation of their rules regarding 'pedigree purity'.

The UK Kennel Club has received a lot of pressure to accept the new, healthier, Dalmatian as an official pedigree, such as from Dalmatian owner, Julie Evans from Barmouth in Wales, who has been attempting to import the first of the new Dalmatians into the UK.

In fact, Julie is planning on bringing over three of the new-breed Dalmatians, including a two year old named Gigi. Each dog will cost Julie approximately £5,000 or $8,000 each, which also includes transportation costs and health examination costs.

Julie explained her proposed action by stating:

"I am very concerned about the health of the breed. It is heartbreaking to see these dogs suffer and the problems can lead to a terribly painful death. There are some stupid breeders out there who think it is all about breed purity. It is not. It is about the dog's health. I have owned dalmatians for many years and they are a wonderful breed. I would love to leave them in a better way that I found them. These new dogs are the only way to clean the problem up. You can't breed away from this problem."

In actuality the gene that would have resisted the high uric acid levels in the Dalmatian, was bred out of the breed during the 1930's and onwards, when they were bred specifically for their spots.

During the 1970's, Dalmatian breeders in the USA bred a pedigree Dalmatian with a pedigree Pointer who had the healthy form of the fatal gene. Since this first breeding, there have been over 14 generations of these Low Uric Acid Dalmatians, commonly referred to as 'Lua'. It is interesting to note, however, that these 'Lua Dalmatians' do not look any different from the regular Dalmatians.

The American Kennel Club has not adopted the Lua Dalmatian, which adversely affects whether or not the UK Kennel Club will adopt the breed into their registry. A decision will be made by the UK Kennel Club later this year.

Editor of Dogs Today Magazine, Beverly Cuddy, stated that:

"These are ostensibly absolutely perfect Dalmatians. You cannot tell the difference between the dogs. Physically, they are the same. It is crazy not to allow these dogs. The case for them is so clear. I don't see any arguments against it. If you don't allow them, you know that a quarter of Dalmatians will have to suffer. But it seems that for some, the purity is more important than anything else. The Kennel Club still seem to be sitting on the fence. We need them to take the lead. It is so obviously in the best interests of the breed."

An American Dalmatian Breeder, Sue MacMillan, who is also a member of the group "Genuine Dalmatians" explained her standpoint on the dogs as being:

"Unfortunately it appears that the addition of pointer genes still affects the spotting. I have yet to be convinced that Lua dogs will ever be marked like pure-bred Dalmatians should be."

The British Dalmatian Club, issued a statement as to why the club is refusing to support the new Dalmation breed:

"We are not putting our heads in the sand but we feel that at this point in time we need to see more scientific data. There is no scientific foundation to what is being said about these dogs. We are relying on the Kennel Club for guidance."

Photo Credit: amerune